Most simple redox reactions may be classified as combination, decomposition, or single displacement reactions.ĭifferent chemical reactions are used during chemical synthesis in order to obtain a desired product.
Non-spontaneous reactions require input of free energy to go forward (examples include charging a battery by applying an external electrical power source, or photosynthesis driven by absorption of electromagnetic radiation in the form of sunlight).Ī reaction may be classified as redox in which oxidation and reduction occur or nonredox in which there is no oxidation and reduction occurring. Reactions that proceed in the forward direction to approach equilibrium are often described as spontaneous, requiring no input of free energy to go forward. Reactions may proceed in the forward or reverse direction until they go to completion or reach equilibrium. Typically, reaction rates increase with increasing temperature because there is more thermal energy available to reach the activation energy necessary for breaking bonds between atoms. Chemical reactions are described with chemical equations, which symbolically present the starting materials, end products, and sometimes intermediate products and reaction conditions.Ĭhemical reactions happen at a characteristic reaction rate at a given temperature and chemical concentration.
Reactions often consist of a sequence of individual sub-steps, the so-called elementary reactions, and the information on the precise course of action is part of the reaction mechanism. Chemical reactions are usually characterized by a chemical change, and they yield one or more products, which usually have properties different from the reactants. The substance (or substances) initially involved in a chemical reaction are called reactants or reagents. Nuclear chemistry is a sub-discipline of chemistry that involves the chemical reactions of unstable and radioactive elements where both electronic and nuclear changes can occur. Classically, chemical reactions encompass changes that only involve the positions of electrons in the forming and breaking of chemical bonds between atoms, with no change to the nuclei (no change to the elements present), and can often be described by a chemical equation. The sparks flying outwards are globules of molten iron trailing smoke in their wake.Ī chemical reaction is a process that leads to the chemical transformation of one set of chemical substances to another.
A thermite reaction using iron(III) oxide.
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